【阅读】必考点1运用主旨要义解题-蒋华老师学堂警花皇后
大纲规定：
考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料（生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%），还应能读懂与本人学习或工作相关的文献资料、技术说明和产品介绍等。对所读材料，考生应能：
1）理解主旨要义；
2）理解文中的具体信息；
3）理解文中的概念性含义；
4）进行有关的判断、推理和引申；
5）根据上下文推测生词的含义；
6）理解文章的总体结构以及上下文之间的关系；
7）理解作者的意图、观点或态度；
8）区分论点和论据顺鑫朗郡 。
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1.考查目标一：如何运用文章的主旨要义解题
a. 主旨大意题
第一步：确认题目类型。主旨大意题的提问方式相对固定，基本上有三类：what is the best title for the text?（文章最恰当的标题是什么）；what’s the passage 文章主要讨论了（关于）什么；The text intends to express the idea that文章打算表达什么想法；
第二步：判断文章中心句，主旨大意或是文章的中心词。正确答案是对文章中心句的同义替换；
第三步：代回原文，检测答案。主旨大意题的答案如同一个“帽子”，尺寸正好符合文章，反之，如果所选标题范围太大或太小，会出现文章支撑不起“帽子”或是“帽子”太替身老婆小，不能把整篇文章涵盖进去。
It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional. Small wonder. Americans’ life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled慈善点击 , cataracts removed in a 30-minutes surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great health-care system can cure death -- and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.(2003年真题)
60.The text intends to express the idea that ________.
[A] medicine will further prolong people’s lives
[B] life beyond a certain limit is not worth living
[C] death should be accepted as a fact of life
[D] excessive demands increase the cost of health care
解答过程：
首先，透过题目的提问方式，可以确定这是一道主旨大意题；然后，我们通读文章首段，发现有一个转折句But not even a great health-care system can cure death -- and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.但是再伟大的医疗体系也不能治愈死亡远勤山，我们未能认识到这个现实正威胁着我们在医疗方面的伟大成就。这句话暗含的意思是我们需要正确面对死亡。C选项正好是对这句话的同义替换。A选项只在第一段有相关表达；B选项内容只在第三四段出现；而D选项未在原文出现雪之梦简谱 ，属于无中生有超级店小二 。
b. 宏观指导其他类型题目的解答
确定文章的主旨大意除了解答主旨大意题外，也可以辅助解答其他类型的题目。第一清虚道德天尊，其他题目的正确答案必须和文章中心相关，同时这些答案的感情基调必须和文章中心体现的感情基调一致；第二倍倍爱，文章主旨大意和它所带有的感情基调是检验题目解答是否正确的有效手段。
When it comes to the slowing economy郎溪人才网 , Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn’t cutting, filing or polishing as many nails as she’d like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. “I’m a good economic indicator南辕北辙造句 ,” she says. “I provide a service that people can do without when they’re concerned about saving some dollars.” So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard’s department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “I don’t know if other clients are going to abandon me, too.” she says.
Even before Alan Greenspan’s admission that America’s red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas京山天气预报 , the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year’s pace. But don’t sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked非凡家庭, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy’s long-term prospectsu4战队 , even as they do some modest belt-tightening. …(2004年真题)
51.By “Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet” (Lines 1-2, Paragraph 1), the author means ________.
[A] Spero can hardly maintain her business
[B] Spero is too much engaged in her work
[C] Spero has grown out of her bad habit
[D] Spero is not in a desperate situation
52.How do the public feel about the current economic situation?关雪盈
[A] Optimistic.
[B] Confused.
[C] Carefree.
[D] Panicked.
解题过程：
51. D
通读全文之后，我们可以判断这篇文章的中心是美国经济虽然出现了衰退，但是民众对经济的前景还是感到乐观蔷薇格斗2。51题，我们可以很清楚地定位到第一段，分析四个选项季建业简历 ，B、C选项属于就是论事，和文章谈论的经济话题无关；A、D选项中，D选项表达了和文章中心一样的感情色彩，而A选项的基调和文章中心相反。所以我们确定答案为D常德传。
52. A
确定文章中心基调之后，该题的三个干扰选项基本上没有任何干扰性，很轻易的确定答案A。
解题之后，把两个选项串在一起，合亚眼镜网 Spero is not in a desperate situation和Optimistic的感情基调一致，都是乐观的基调。
